Mathematical Functions

Mathematical functions let you perform math operations on data, including rounding, trigonometry, logging and exponentiation, and random number generation (among other operations).

Function

Usage and description
Absolute Value

Usage: ABS(X)

Returns the absolute value of X. 

Arc Cosine

Usage: ACOS(X)

Returns the arc cosine of X, that is, the value whose cosine is X. Returns NULL if X is not in the range -1 to 1. 

Arc Sine

Usage: ASIN(X)

Returns the arc sine of X, that is, the value whose sine is X. Returns NULL if X is not in the range -1 to 1. 

Arc Tangent

Usage: ATAN(X)

Returns the arc tangent of X, that is, the value whose tangent is X.

Arc Tangent Ratio

Usage: ATAN2(X1,X2)

Returns the arc tangent of X1 divided by X2.

Cube Root

Usage: CBRT(X)

Returns the cube root of a number X.

Ceiling

Usage: CEILING(X) or CEIL(X)

Returns the smallest integer value not less than X. In other words, it rounds up to the next whole number.

Cosine

Usage: COS(X)

Returns the cosine of X, where X is given in radians. 

Cotangent

Usage: COT(X)

Returns the cotangent of X. 

Degrees

Usage: DEGREES(X)

Returns the argument X, converted from radians to degrees. 

Exp

Usage: EXP(X)

Returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of X. The inverse of this function is LN(). 

Floor

Usage: FLOOR(X)

Returns the largest integer value not greater than X. For exact-value numeric arguments, the return value has an exact-value numeric type. For string or floating-point arguments, the return value has a floating-point type. 

Ln

Usage: LN(X)

Returns the natural logarithm of X; that is, the base-e logarithm of X. If X is less than or equal to 0, then an error is returned. This function is the inverse of the EXP function.

Log

Usage: LOG(X)

This function returns the base 10 logarithm of the number X.

Modulo

Usage: MOD(N,M), N  % M, N  MOD M

Modulo operation. Returns the remainder of N divided by M. The number M cannot be 0, or an error will be returned. MOD() also works on values that have a fractional part and returns the exact remainder after division.

Pi

Usage: PI()

Returns the value of pi.

Power

Usage: POWER(X,Y) or POW(X,Y)

Returns the value of X raised to the power of Y.

Radians

Usage: RADIANS(X)

Returns the argument X, converted from degrees to radians. (Note that pi radians equals 180 degrees.) 

Random

Usage: RANDOM()

Returns a random floating-point value v in the range 0 <= v < 1.0.

Round

Usage: ROUND(X), ROUND(X,D)

Rounds the argument X to D decimal places. The rounding algorithm depends on the data type of X. D defaults to 0 if not specified. D can be negative to cause D digits left of the decimal point of the value X to become zero.

The return type is the same type as that of the first argument (assuming that it is integer, double, or decimal). This means that for an integer argument, the result is an integer (no decimal places).

Sign

Usage: SIGN(X)

Returns the sign of the argument as -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether X is negative, zero, or positive.

Sine

Usage: SIN(X)

Returns the sine of X, where X is given in radians.

Square Root

Usage: SQRT(X)

Returns the square root of a nonnegative number X.

Tangent

Usage: TAN(X)

Returns the tangent of X, where X is given in radians.

Truncate

Usage: TRUNC(X,D)

Returns the number X, truncated to D decimal places. If D is 0, the result has no decimal point or fractional part. D can be negative to cause D digits left of the decimal point of the value X to become zero.

All numbers are rounded toward zero. 

Minimum Value

Usage: LEAST(value1,value2,...)

Returns the smallest (minimum) of the values provided. NULL will be returned if all inputs are NULL.

Maximum Value

Usage: GREATEST(value1,value2,...)

Returns the largest (maximum) of the values provided. NULL will be returned if all inputs are NULL.